基于樹莓派RP2040游戲機的簡易網絡氣象站

硬禾學堂|Hard grace|

2022-09-06 18:42:00 82

一、設計目標

1.RP2040 Game Kit板通過提供的ESP32-S2的WiFi模塊連接網絡。

2.在RP2040 Game Kit上顯示某一個城市的氣象信息 - 時間、天氣實況、生活指數、天氣預報...

3.通過RP2040 Game Kit上的按鍵和四向搖桿配合能夠切換顯示不同城市的信息，做到能切換顯示、刷新數據、修改城市名。

4. 通過顯示屏與搖桿按鍵交互來模擬一個九鍵鍵盤，實現城市名的自主輸入，輸入錯誤也會有錯誤提示。

5. 搭配上圖片來豐富顯示內容，包括天氣氣象符號、各生活指數示意圖等。

二、準備工作

1?硬件連接

Rp2040游戲機與esp32-s2模塊的連線如下圖所示。

pico esp32s2

tx = Pin(16) --> RXD_PIN (GPIO_NUM_21)

rx = Pin(17) --> RXD_PIN (GPIO_NUM_21)

3V3 --> 3V3

GND --> GND

2. 開發環境

(1）thonny。安裝過程具體可參考 https://class.eetree.cn/live_pc/l_60fe7f4fe4b0a27d0e360f74

(2) Vscode的插件Espressif IDF v1.3.0。

3. 參考例程

(1)ESP32 IDF v4.3.1：樂鑫ESP開發環境，本項目參考了其中的http request,uart,wifi station 例程。具體可參考官方文檔ESP-IDF 編程指南。

(2)硬禾學堂2022寒假在家練：基于樹莓派RP2040的嵌入式系統學習平臺，相關內容可參考https://www.eetree.cn/project/detail/698

4.源代碼目錄結構

(1)Rp2040

-/
-weather_main.py 主函數
-draw.py 畫圖部分
-http_deal.py http數據處理部分
-location.py 鍵盤鍵位內容
-button.py 按鍵
-board.py 引腳定義
-vga2_8x8.py字體小
-vga1_16x32.py字體大
-vga1_8x16.py 字體中
-weather_picture_small/ 天氣現象圖片（小）
-weather_picture_big/ 天氣現象圖片（大）
-index of living/ 生活指數插圖

（2）ESP32-S2

- http_request/

- CMakeLists.txt

- sdkconfig

- main/ - CMakeLists.txt

- http_main.c esp32主函數，http請求，json解析

- http.h

- uart.c 串口通信部分

- uart.h

- wifi.c wifi連接部分

- wifi.h

5.使用說明

(1)先將wifi_name和wifi_passwd分別修改成要連接的熱點的名字和密碼。
(2)分別編譯下載程序到pico和esp32s2（esp32s2可用vscode），具體可參照上面的源代碼目錄結構。
(3)使用杜邦線進行硬件連接，具體連線請參照上面的硬件連接。
(4)上電開機。

6.注意事項

(1)部分wifi可能不能被esp32識別。

(2)使用過程中請保持網絡順暢，若失去網絡連接或產生一些其它錯誤，可以試著先按下esp32的reset鍵重啟，再運行RP2040的主程序。

(3)由于使用心知天氣平臺的免費版，暫時只支持國內部分城市。

三、軟件流程圖

四、實現過程

1?網絡連接

(1）WiFi連接

wifi名和密碼需提前設定，具體在RP2040的weather_main.py中修改，如下。

# 在此處修改你要連接的wifi名和密碼wifi_name = "123"wifi_passwd = "12345678"

發送wifi信息給esp32前需進行簡單編碼以供esp32識別，具體請參考下面的多機通信部分。

在esp32接收到信息后立即調用wifi_init_sta（）函數進行wifi連接，這里是在esp32idf的例程 ~Espressifframeworksesp-idf-v4.4.1exampleswifigetting_startedstation 的基礎上修改的，具體如下。

/**********wifi初始化函數**************/void wifi_init_sta( char *wifi_ssid , char *wifi_password){
    s_wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();

    // ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());

    // ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
    esp_netif_create_default_wifi_sta();

    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));

    esp_event_handler_instance_t instance_any_id;
    esp_event_handler_instance_t instance_got_ip;
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(WIFI_EVENT,
                                                        ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID,
                                                        &event_handler,
                                                        NULL,
                                                        &instance_any_id));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(IP_EVENT,
                                                        IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP,
                                                        &event_handler,
                                                        NULL,
                                                        &instance_got_ip));

    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .sta = {
            // .ssid = wifi_ssid ,
            // .password = wifi_password ,
            /* Setting a password implies station will connect to all security modes including WEP/WPA.
             * However these modes are deprecated and not advisable to be used. Incase your Access point
             * doesn't support WPA2, these mode can be enabled by commenting below line */
	     .threshold.authmode = WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK,
        },
    };


    memcpy(wifi_config.sta.ssid, wifi_ssid, sizeof(wifi_config.sta.ssid));
    memcpy(wifi_config.sta.password, wifi_password, sizeof(wifi_config.sta.password));


    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(WIFI_IF_STA, &wifi_config) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start() );

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_sta finished.");

    /* Waiting until either the connection is established (WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT) or connection failed for the maximum
     * number of re-tries (WIFI_FAIL_BIT). The bits are set by event_handler() (see above) */
    EventBits_t bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(s_wifi_event_group,
            WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT | WIFI_FAIL_BIT,
            pdFALSE,
            pdFALSE,
            portMAX_DELAY);

    /* xEventGroupWaitBits() returns the bits before the call returned, hence we can test which event actually
     * happened. */
    if (bits & WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT) {       
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "connected to ap SSID:%s password:%s",
                 wifi_ssid, wifi_password);
                  http_get_task();  //連接成功，發送http請求
        // sendData(TAG,"connectsucess");
    } else if (bits & WIFI_FAIL_BIT) {
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to connect to SSID:%s, password:%s",
                 wifi_ssid, wifi_password);
        sendData(TAG,"Connectfail");  //連接失敗，發送狀態告知pico
        
    } else {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UNEXPECTED EVENT");
        sendData(TAG,"Connectfail"); //連接失敗，發送狀態告知pico
    }

    /* The event will not be processed after unregister */
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_unregister(IP_EVENT, IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP, instance_got_ip));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_unregister(WIFI_EVENT, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, instance_any_id));
    vEventGroupdelete(s_wifi_event_group);}

wifi連接成功后就立即發送http請求，失敗則返回狀態給RP2040。

(2)http請求

這里參考了esp32idf的例程~Espressifframeworksesp-idf-v4.4.1examplesprotocolshttp_request，將其中的循環任務改成了單次調動并根據不同的請求內容增加了參數判斷，就能根據需要進行http請求，并在發生錯誤時發送狀態給RP2040，具體內容在http_main.c中，如下。

//HTTP請求函數void http_get(char arg){
    const struct addrinfo hints = {
        .ai_family = AF_INET,
        .ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM,
    };
    struct addrinfo *res;
    struct in_addr *addr;
    int s, r;
    
    char recv_buf[64];
    char mid_buf[1400];   //接受http報文正文部分

    memset(mid_buf,0,sizeof(mid_buf));
    char WEB_PATH[200] = "GET " ;  
    
    // 組合字段構成http請求的發送內容，根據不同的請求進行不同的組合
    switch (arg){
       //實時天氣，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=your_api_key&location=beijing&language=en&unit=c
       case WEATHER_CURRENT: 
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_CURRENT_1);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,reqLocation);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_CURRENT_2);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,REQUEST_ED);
        break;
        //生活指數，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/life/suggestion.json?key=SzOM2PDJp7crLA0Ug&location=haikou&language=en
        case WEATHER_LIFE:         
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_LIFE_1);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,reqLocation);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_LIFE_2);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,REQUEST_ED);
        break;
        //天氣預報，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/daily.json?key=your_api_key&location=beijing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c&start=0&days=5
        case WEATHER_FORECAST:  
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_FORECAST_1);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,reqLocation);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,WEB_PATH_FORECAST_2);
        strcat(WEB_PATH,REQUEST_ED);
        break;

        default:ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wrong");

    }
 
        
    int err = getaddrinfo(WEB_SERVER, WEB_PORT, &hints, &res);

    if(err != 0 || res == NULL) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "DNS lookup failed err=%d res=%p", err, res);
        vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
        sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail");     //http初始化失敗，告知pico
        
    }else {
        /* Code to print the resolved IP.

           Note: inet_ntoa is non-reentrant, look at ipaddr_ntoa_r for "real" code */
        addr = &((struct sockaddr_in *)res->ai_addr)->sin_addr;
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "DNS lookup succeeded. IP=%s", inet_ntoa(*addr));

        s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, 0);
        if(s < 0) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "... Failed to allocate socket.");
            freeaddrinfo(res);
            vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
            sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail"); //http初始化失敗，告知pico
        }else{
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "... allocated socket");

            if(connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) != 0) {
                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "... socket connect failed errno=%d", errno);
                close(s);
                freeaddrinfo(res);
                vTaskDelay(4000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
                sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail"); //http初始化失敗，告知pico
            }else{
                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "... connected");
                freeaddrinfo(res);

                if (write(s, WEB_PATH, strlen(WEB_PATH)) < 0) {
                    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "... socket send failed");
                    close(s);
                    vTaskDelay(4000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
                    sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail"); //http初始化失敗，告知pico
                }else{
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "... socket send success");

                    struct timeval receiving_timeout;
                    receiving_timeout.tv_sec = 5;
                    receiving_timeout.tv_usec = 0;
                    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &receiving_timeout,
                        sizeof(receiving_timeout)) < 0) {
                        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "... failed to set socket receiving timeout");
                        close(s);
                        vTaskDelay(4000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
                        sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail"); //http初始化失敗，告知pico
                    }else{
                        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "... set socket receiving timeout success");

                       
                        /* Read HTTP response */
                        do {
                            bzero(recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf));
                            r = read(s, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf)-1);
                            strcat(mid_buf,recv_buf);
                            for(int i = 0; i < r; i++) {
                                putchar(recv_buf[i]);
                            }
                        } while(r > 0);
                        // ESP_LOGI(TAG,"return=%s",mid_buf);
                        //json格式轉化 
                        cjson_to_struct_info(mid_buf,arg);


                        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "... done reading from socket. Last read return=%d errno=%d.", r, errno);
                        close(s);
                        
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        
    }    }

由于要請求的內容有三項（天氣實況、生活指數、天氣預報），分別對應三個不同的請求行：

void http_get_task(void){
    memset(send_data_quene,0,sizeof(send_data_quene));
    http_get(WEATHER_CURRENT); //天氣實況
    vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);  //適當延時
    http_get(WEATHER_FORECAST); //天氣預報
    vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
    http_get(WEATHER_LIFE);     //生活指數
    vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"send_data:%s",send_data_quene);
    sendData(TAG,send_data_quene);//整合發送}

實時天氣，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/now.json?key=your_api_key&location=beijing&language=en&unit=c

生活指數，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/life/suggestion.json?key=SzOM2PDJp7crLA0Ug&location=haikou&language=en

天氣預報，例：http://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/daily.json?key=your_api_key&location=beijing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c&start=0&days=5

所以在函數在加入判斷到底發送哪一個，相應的請求行要進行不同組合，在http_get()函數中做判斷，具體內容在http.h中，如下。

#define WEB_SERVER "api.seniverse.com"#define WEB_PORT "80"#define reqUserKey "SzOM2PDJp7crLA0Ug"// #define reqLocation "Shenzhen"#define reqUnit "c"//天氣實況#define WEATHER_CURRENT 'C' #define WEB_PATH_CURRENT_1 "/v3/weather/now.json?key=" reqUserKey "&location="  #define WEB_PATH_CURRENT_2 "&language=en&unit=" reqUnit//生活指數#define WEATHER_LIFE 'L'#define WEB_PATH_LIFE_1 "/v3/life/suggestion.json?key=" reqUserKey "&location="  #define WEB_PATH_LIFE_2 "&language=en"//天氣預報#define WEATHER_FORECAST 'F'#define WEB_PATH_FORECAST_1 "/v3/weather/daily.json?key=" reqUserKey "&location="  #define WEB_PATH_FORECAST_2 "&language=en&unit=" reqUnit "&start=0&days=5"//http請求尾static const char *REQUEST_ED = " HTTP/1.0
"
        "Host: "WEB_SERVER":"WEB_PORT"
"
        "User-Agent: esp-idf/1.0 esp32
"
        "
";//城市名char *reqLocation ;

由于請求的城市名是會變化的，所以利用C語言strcat函數進行組合，組合好后就可以發送完整的請求行了。

而接收到的數據都是json格式，這里調用了cjson庫來進行解碼，針對不同的http報文有不同的處理方式，具體在http_main.c中，如下。

/***********json格式解析************/void cjson_to_struct_info(char *text,char arg){

    cJSON *root,*psub;
    cJSON *arrayItem;
    //截取有效json
    char *index=strchr(text,'{');
    strcpy(text,index);
 
    root = cJSON_Parse(text);
    
    if(root!=NULL)
    {
        /*******************天氣實況**********/
        if(arg == WEATHER_CURRENT){
            psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "results");
            arrayItem = cJSON_GetArrayItem(psub,0);
    
            cJSON *locat = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "location");
            cJSON *now = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "now");
            if((locat!=NULL)&&(now!=NULL))
            {
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(locat,"name");
                sprintf(weathe.cit,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"city:%s",weathe.cit);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.cit);  //拼接發送字符串
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");         //分割符，讓pico識別
    
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(now,"text");
                sprintf(weathe.weather_text,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"weather:%s",weathe.weather_text);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.weather_text);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");
                
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(now,"code");
                sprintf(weathe.weather_code,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"%s",weathe.weather_code);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.weather_code);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");
    
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(now,"temperature");
                sprintf(weathe.temperatur,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"temperatur:%s",weathe.temperatur);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.temperatur);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");                
         
            }else{
                sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail"); //json格式有誤。http請求失敗
            }
        
        }

        /*****************天氣預報*************************/
        if(arg == WEATHER_FORECAST){
            psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "results");
            arrayItem = cJSON_GetArrayItem(psub,0);
            
            cJSON *locat = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "location");
            cJSON *daily = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "daily");
            if((locat!=NULL)&&(daily!=NULL))
            {
     
                for(int i = 0;i<3;i++){
                    arrayItem = cJSON_GetArrayItem(daily,i);
                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "date");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].date,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"date:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].date);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].date);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "text_day");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_day,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"text_day:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_day);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_day);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "code_day");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_day,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"code_day:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_day);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_day);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "text_night");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_night,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"text_night:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_night);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].text_night);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "code_night");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_night,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"code_night:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_night);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].code_night);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "high");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].high,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"high:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].high);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].high);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "low");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].low,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"low:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].low);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].low);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "precip");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].precip,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"precip:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].precip);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].precip);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                    psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "humidity");
                    sprintf(weathe.daily_weathe[i].humidity,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG,"humidity:%s",weathe.daily_weathe[i].humidity);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.daily_weathe[i].humidity);
                    strcat(send_data_quene,"+");
                }
 
            }
            else{
                sendData(TAG,"httprequestfail");  //json格式有誤。http請求失敗
            }

        }
        
         /**************************生活指數****************************************/
        if(arg == WEATHER_LIFE){
            psub = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "results");
            arrayItem = cJSON_GetArrayItem(psub,0);
    
            cJSON *locat = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "location");
            cJSON *suggestion = cJSON_GetObjectItem(arrayItem, "suggestion");
            if((locat!=NULL)&&(suggestion!=NULL))
            {

                cJSON *car_washing=cJSON_GetObjectItem(suggestion,"car_washing");
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(car_washing,"brief");
                sprintf(weathe.car_washing,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"car_washing:%s",weathe.car_washing);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.car_washing);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");
                
    
                cJSON *dressing=cJSON_GetObjectItem(suggestion,"dressing");
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(dressing,"brief");
                sprintf(weathe.dressing,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"dressing:%s",weathe.dressing);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.dressing);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                cJSON *flu=cJSON_GetObjectItem(suggestion,"flu");
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(flu,"brief");
                sprintf(weathe.flu,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"flu:%s",weathe.flu);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.flu);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                cJSON *sport=cJSON_GetObjectItem(suggestion,"sport");
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(sport,"brief");
                sprintf(weathe.sport,"%s",psub->valuestring);
                ESP_LOGI(TAG,"sport:%s",weathe.sport);
                strcat(send_data_quene,weathe.sport);
                strcat(send_data_quene,"+");

                cJSON *travel=cJSON_GetObjectItem(suggestion,"travel");
                psub=cJSON_GetObjectItem(travel,"brief");
                if (psub->valuestring[0] == '

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